Tip 1 - Don't substitute another type for Object in the equals declaration
For a detailed discussion see Effective Java [Bloch01], pp. 35.
Tip 2 - Object the general contract when overriding equals
For a detailed discussion see Effective Java [Bloch01], pp. 25.
Tip 3 - Always override hashCode when you override equals
For a detailed discussion see Effective Java [Bloch01], pp. 36.
Tip 4 - Always override equals when you override hashCode
Tip 5 - Always override toString
For a detailed discussion see Effective Java [Bloch01], pp. 42.
Tip 6 - Use interfaces only to define types
For a detailed discussion see Effective Java [Bloch01], pp. 89.
Tip 7 - Replace structures with classes
For a detailed discussion see Effective Java [Bloch01], pp. 97.
Tip 8 - Return zero-length arrays, not nulls
For a detailed discussion see Effective Java [Bloch01], pp. 134.
Tip 9 - Adhere to generally accepted naming conventions
For a detailed discussion see Effective Java [Bloch01], pp. 165.
Tip 10 - Refer to objects by their interfaces
For a detailed discussion see Effective Java [Bloch01], pp. 156.
Tip 11 - Never declare that a method "throws Exception"
For a detailed discussion see Effective Java [Bloch01], pp. 181.
Tip 12 - Never declare that a method "throws Throwable"
For a detailed discussion see Effective Java [Bloch01], pp. 181.
Tip 13 - Don't ignore exceptions
For a detailed discussion see Effective Java [Bloch01], pp. 187.
Tip 14 - Never invoke wait outside a loop
For a detailed discussion see Effective Java [Bloch01], pp. 201.
Tip 15 - Avoid thread groups
For a detailed discussion see Effective Java [Bloch01], pp. 211.
Tip 16 - Document collection types
As long as there are no strong-typed collections (a.k.a. Java Generics support) available,
it is best to document the object type of the items hold by a collection.
Example 4.154. Collection comment
private static final List _favorableTypes = new ArrayList(20); // List of <String>
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Tip 17 - Adhere to naming convention for collection types
If you use comments to document the object type of collection items, you should conform to
a generally accepted naming convention.
Tip 18 - Avoid empty finally blocks
Empty finally blocks are of no use and may indicate programmer errors.
Example 4.155. Empty finally block
Writer writer = null;
try
{
writer = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(file));
write.write(data);
}
catch (IOException ex)
{
System.err.println("file could not be written -- " + file);
}
finally
{
}
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The programmer certainly wanted to close the Writer in the
finally block to ensure that allocated system resources will be freed.
Tip 19 - Avoid variable shadowing
Variable shadowing should be avoided on general principle, as it tends to be confusing.
For more information about shadowing, see the
Java Developer Connection (JDC) Tech Tips, October 10, 2000
(
http://developer.java.sun.com/developer/TechTips/2000/tt1010.html#tip2, subscription needed) or
section 6.3.2, "Obscured Declarations," section 7.5.2,
"Type-Import-on-Demand Declaration," section 8.4.6, "Inheritance, Overriding, and Hiding,"
section 8.4.8.5, "Example: Invocation of Hidden Class Methods," and section 14.4.3,
"Shadowing of Names by Local variables" in "The Java Language Specification Second
Edition" by Gosling, Joy, Steele, and Bracha
(http://java.sun.com/docs/books/jls/).
Tip 20 - Add NOI18N comment for String literals
Enabling this tip will cause warnings for all String literals without associated
/* NOI18N */ comment.
Internationalizing Java applications is often done with nifty tools that use marker
comments to indicate that a given String literal should not be considered for localization.
Most tools (at least the ones I know of) use trailing single-line comments which may not
be very robust for processing with a formatting tool such as Jalopy. In contrast the author
uses a multi-line comment of the form /* NOI18N */ that gets directly
placed after a String literal and will therefore always stuck with it.
Example 4.156. $NON-NLS-1$ comment
FileDialog dialog = new FileDialog(this,
ResourceBundle.getBundle(BUNDLE_NAME)
.getString("BTN_SAVE_AS", FileDialog.SAVE); //$NON-NLS-1$
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This trailing comment could be easily moved away from its String literal during formatting
which would result in an unwanted notice on successive internationalization runs.
Example 4.157. $NON-NLS-1$ comment
FileDialog dialog =
new FileDialog(this,
ResourceBundle.getBundle(BUNDLE_NAME).
getString("BTN_SAVE_AS",
FileDialog.SAVE); //$NON-NLS-1$
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Example 4.158. NOI18N comment
FileDialog dialog =
new FileDialog(this,
ResourceBundle.getBundle(BUNDLE_NAME).
getString("BTN_SAVE_AS" /* NOI18N */),
FileDialog.SAVE);
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